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Gender Bias
Within a given country, if implicit stereotyping is high in regard to the association of science with males more than with females, those nation-level implicit stereotypes predict higher achievement levels of males over females in the sciences and math at the 8th grade level (Nosek, Smyth, Sriram, et al., 2009).
Gender-based bias in the construction of hiring criteria lead to discrimination against female applicants (NSF ADVANCE, University of Rhode Island, p.5 describing Uhlmann and Cohen 2005 study).
Studies that show bias against women in hiring and/or advancement decisions
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Uhlmann and Cohen, 2005
Review article
Studies that document efficacy of various interventions to help reduce or eliminate bias against women in hiring and/or advancement situations
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Encourage raters to spend adequate time and avoid cognitive distractions during evaluation
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Martell, 1991
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Insist that raters wait to commit to the value of specific credentials until after seeing actual applicants
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Uhlmann and Cohen, 2005
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Implement training workshops for personnel decision makers that include examples of common hiring biases and group problem solving for overcoming such biases
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Latham, Wexley and Pursell, 1975Note: There is an important new article by Sheridan, Fine, Pribbenow, et al., on the efficacy of workshops for increasing faculty diversity. Because it came out in 2010 it was not included in the review article by Isaac, Lee, and Carnes.
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Rate specific qualifications before making summary judgments about a given applicant